Concept of Training and Development

Question: Depict about the idea of preparing and advancement. Answer: 1.0 Introduction Preparing is a significant piece of any association Training encourages an association to inspire the specialized aptitudes of the association to build the profitability of the workers. Preparing is a customary instructing procedure to improve the ability of the association (Bujaki and Durocher 2014). In this task, the specialist has completely talked about the utilities of preparing in the aircraft business. Preparing approaches and their execution are likewise completely talked about by the specialist. In this task the analyst explicitly talks about the Airline Company, Air India. 1.1 Background of the association Air India is the third biggest aircraft association in India and conveys a greatest number of travelers after Indigo and Jet Airways (Airindia.in 2016). The association is completely claimed by the legislature of India and is effectively running for over a time of 80 years (Airindia.in 2016). The association was established in the year 1931 as Tata Airlines. It began its vocation for the sake of Air India since 1946. Central command of the association is arranged at Indian Airline House in New Delhi. The association has conveyed outs it works in different pieces of the world and produces income of close about 2.9 US billion dollars (Airindia.in 2016). Air India has an armada size of 108 airplane which is comprised of Air Bus and Boeing Aircraft. The association has worker quality of more than twenty-8,000 representatives who serves the individuals and the association across eighty-four destinations(Airindia.in 2016). The association has auxiliaries like Air India Express and Air Indi a Regional. As of late the Star Alliance has been delineated as the partnership of Air India (Airindia.in 2016). 2.0 Concept of preparing and improvement As indicated by Chaudhuri and Bartlett (2014), preparing is a procedure by which the current representatives and the new joiners in an association are instructed with a particular goal in mind to improve their aptitudes. These aptitudes will assist them with performing their assignment adequately. It can likewise be said that preparation is a movement which builds the information on the representatives. Preparing is a strategy or movement by which people can be a specialist in their undertaking or employments. Preparing can likewise be characterized as a procedure of improving the ability of the representatives in an association. Advancement, then again, can be said a stride in front of preparing. Advancement causes a representative to create in all regard be it in information, disposition or aptitudes. The exercises of advancement likewise improve the character of people and help them to move towards development with maximum capacity. In this way, improvement makes a decent worker as well as better people for what's to come. Improvement is a progressing procedure while preparing is done in one-shot. In addition, advancement likewise causes a person to improve their various abilities like dynamic, critical thinking and basic examination. Preparing and advancement can't be effortlessly separated, however in general, it expands the camaraderie of the association and individuals. 3.0 Theories and models identified with preparing in Air India Donald L Kirkpatrick was the President of American Society for Training and Development (ASTD) in the year 1975 (Chen and Chen 2012). He had acquainted a preparation model with assess the preparation procedure. The name of the model was Kirkpatricks preparing and assessment model and was presented in the year 1959 (Chen and Chen 2012). The model is utilized to assess the adequacy of preparing and advancement. The model has four stages. They are the response, learning, conduct, and results. Response level estimates how the students responded to the degree of preparing. The learners should feel that the preparation is important for them later on. In Air India, the teacher shows the learners in the most proficient and simplest manner. In this procedure, the responses of the learners are estimated. The model is useful for Air India to improve the degree of preparing later on. A nearby watch is additionally kept on the non-verbal communication of the students to see if they are content with the preparation or not. It is normal that the crowd gives positive criticism to the preparation procedure. The Learning step is engaged with estimating the information on the students (Ferreira and Leite 2013). It is utilized to assess how much the students have learned and how the preparation has helped them. The instructional course of Air India has the principle target to fulfill the clients. Learning can be distinguished in various manners relying upon abilities and mentalities. In the social area, the practices of the learners are assessed. This decides if the preparation procedure has initiated an inspirational disposition in the brains of the learners (Jayakumar and Sulthan 2014). Conduct can possibly change if there is a positive vitality in the preparation procedure. The outcome is the last phase of the preparation model. In this progression, the conclusive outcome of the preparation procedure is broke down. It is the basic analysis of the preparation model lastly gives the decision whether the preparation was productive for the workers or not (Loeppke et al. 2015). 4.0 Employee preparing and improvement approaches As indicated by Nag and Das (2015), preparing and advancement are significant for any association. Air India has laid incredible weight on executing appropriate preparing and improvement techniques. The preparation strategies of Air India are made dependent on the vision and objectives of the association. The association accepts that human asset is the best resource for them and has made strides for the advancement of the workers. The association offers preparing to all the representatives at ordinary spans to inspire the nature of the workforce. Air India accepts that the representatives can possibly develop, and preparing will assist them with gaining skill in their individual field. An appropriate assessment plan is additionally acquainted by the association with assess the situation of the representatives. As expressed via Carvalho et al. (2016), Air India needs to enable the staff individuals and solicits them to be a section from their proprietorship advancement. Line directors have a key job in building up the preparation task of the association. Air India works with a decent practice rule and accepts that the preparation should profit both the business and the representatives. Air India consistently chooses the preparation and advancement approaches which are at standard with their different rivals. As per Salas et al. (2012), wellbeing and security preparing is likewise another significant piece of the preparation. The representatives of the association are in every case very much aware of the security measures. Such preparing centers around how to utilize the breathing device and how to utilize the parachutes when a mishap happens in trip noticeable all around. Preparing with respect to emergency treatment, security and hazard taking care of modules are appropriately given to the representatives. It is the job of the line administrator to actualize the preparation exercises appropriately (Jacques 2013). Workers additionally have an open door where they can impart their issues to the top administration and can likewise offer recommendations to the administration. All these will assist with keeping up an appropriate harmony between the business and the worker. Air India consistently examines with the workers and the top administration before executing any new activities in propelling new preparing thoughts (Sung and Choi 2014). The association likewise surveys the preparation exercises at standard stretches to distinguish whether it is improving their exhibition or not. New preparing and improvement strategies are very much spoken with the representatives through companys inner notification and departmental preparing. Alongside this, Air India doesn't make contrasts among the representatives dependent on their sexual orientation, age or position. All the workers are dealt with similarly inside the association. 4.1 Types and strategies for preparing to the representatives Air India fundamentally flights Air Bus and Air Craft (Airindia.in 2016). Preparing is given to the workers in like manner. Study hall preparing is given to the workers. In homeroom preparing, the workers are isolated into a clump of 50 and specialists come to prepare them. The specialists share their involvement in the workers and give them data about the various exercises in the distinctive basic circumstance. On-place of work preparing is the most favored sort of preparing given to the representatives of Air India. As indicated by Thayer (2012), on-place of work preparing causes the representatives to deal with issues while they are hands on location. This will expand the experience of the representatives, and they can utilize it in their future to forestall the clumsy choice. In Job Rotation preparing, the activity of the representatives is turned at a distinct time frame. This helps the representatives of Air India to know about various exercises which are performed inside the association (Ulfvengren and Corrigan 2015). It helps the representatives of Air India to evacuate fatigue and encourages them to make compatibility with various individuals. 5.0 Importance of preparing in carrier industry As per Wilson (2013), preparing in the aircraft business is fundamental. It encourages the workers to fortify various abilities and upgrade them for better profitability. Delicate expertise preparing encourages the workers to associate with the clients obligingly. This will make a positive attitude in the psyches of the clients and will build the income of the association (Underhill 2013). An all around created preparing will program will build the aptitudes and information on the representatives. This procedure will decrease shortcoming among the workers. Consistency is kept up in the exhibition of the people with the assistance of an organized preparing process. Consistency is pertinent in the execution of the fundamental approaches and techniques of the association (Bujaki and Durocher 2014). The representatives are very much aware of the various exercises inside the association with the assistance of preparing process. The activitie

Jadore Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jadore - Essay Example Applying just a light part of it could last the entire day. My neighbor got bunches of awards on the trail of the fragrance and numerous people request it consistently since it is dazzling. The container is of oz nature and could keep going for more than one and a half years. The fragrance is of assorted adaptations, one has a silver top and the resulting one has a gold top. Just, the one with the gold top is seen to contain a predominant parfum content meaning that the scent is undiluted and could be utilized for long. The dealers constantly give blessing sets in uncommon occasions and events giving out a set including body wash and oil for nearly the comparable expense as the genuine fragrance. Women are seen going around with their aromas each time in their cosmetics units, on planes, ventures, and whatnot., and its compartment is extraordinarily solid and never breaks effectively or release the scent. The jug has been structured in a pretty manner, and everybody trusts it would m ake an incredible blessing or hamper (Bendix, 2005, 73). A companion of my purchased hers from Macy’s with the exception of obviously it could be purchased in simply any shopping store. The stores ordinarily have little testers in a vial for individuals to attempt to smell it out. Numerous individuals of male sex have been spotted remarking on it and in all actuality got in adoration with the smell articulating it as an awesome aroma. Numerous individuals never notice or even focus on adverts in the boulevards. Be that as it may, this doesn't have any significant bearing to fragrance adverts since they are charming and appealing. Watching an advert much of the time on TV makes it stick in people’s minds. Fundamentally, aroma adverts are as a rule in Magazines and in an in-store advertisement. Fragrance adverts are by a wide margin so in vogue contrasted with different items consequently pulling in the adolescent to such an extent. Having verbalized this, these adverts could be seen wherever there is youth consideration. Then again, one individual attempted the J’Adore parfum, showering a little noticeable all around and on her garments and was not satisfied with it (Lexisnexis, 2003, 78). She announced that its aroma resembled compound and metallic in nature. This resembled drugstore aromas and body smells originating from washing Works J’Adore scented to her like it was an honest yet bombed try to create something that had the fragrance of new blooms and moist skin. She was irritated at the phony scent of the â€Å"feel what’s real† cologne, and shot out it unfalteringly off her list.â The new aroma is for the most part proposed for ladies. Being propelled in 2011, the cologne has top notes of citruses notwithstanding mandarin orange; the cologne’s center notes are made of jasmine, African orange bloom, ylang-ylang not overlooking the wonderful rose. Besides, the base notes involve woodsy notes notwithstandin g vanille. This is amazingly pretty, not as thrilling as EDP, not in like manner sharp moreover. It is to some degree lighter, quiet and very botanical, all around executed, with a rich sense to it. It gives the client a remarkable aroma and feels of only being trademark like numerous scents. It isn't maybe as delicate as one would esteem it to be, however it is really eminent! The parfum is womanly and slick with a contemporary touch giving it a lovely creation. This fragrance is loved by numerous females since it smells tasteful and dazzling. Nonetheless, it is normal among the in vogue people universally. This doesn't really imply that various different aromas have a similar aroma yet it means that numerous people have and utilize this scent. This isn't basically an awful thing, other than people who like being one of a kind will rather abstain from utilizing it to keep their character one of a kind. The aroma has an incredibly agile fragrance which sticks

Is Modesty a Mistake in the College Essay - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts

Is Modesty a Mistake in the College Essay - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts Is Modesty a Mistake in the College Essay? Is Modesty a Mistake in the College Essay? We grow up being told to be humble and stay grounded  and then suddenly the college essay comes along and we’re supposed to toot our own horn like there’s no tomorrow? Don’t college admissions officers want to see that we’re down to earth and not about to release a Kim K-inspired selfie book? Yes and yes. Figuring out how to approach your college essay in terms of tone and language can be difficult. You want to don’t want to sound self-impressed, but you also don’t want to sell yourself short. This brings us to a frequently asked question: Is modesty a mistake in the college essay? In simple terms, yes, too much modesty is a mistake. You are competing against thousands of college hopefuls for a seat in the freshman class of your dream school and you don’t want to waste the opportunity to highlight your most impressive qualities and accomplishments. Let Admissions know what a shining star you are. Maybe you started a charity or became class president. Perhaps you spent your entire summer volunteering at a senior home or hold the world record for most french fries eaten in thirty minutes. Don’t be afraid to communicate that you are unique, driven, and the kind of community member who would positively contribute to campus in ways their students could not. If admissions officers don’t put down your essay thinking, “Yes! This student!” then you didn’t do your job. The college essay is, in a sense, an elevator pitch. By the time you get to the theoretical top floor, your admissions officer should be ready to give you the key to your brand new dorm room. Of course, things are not always so black and white. You do run the risk of sounding pompous if you come off as braggy instead of confident. This is why the tone in which you write is so important. Describe the journey involved in accomplishing your achievements, don’t just list your accomplishments. Dig into the motivations behind your actions and why you love what you do. Be Drake, not Kanye choose sincerity over puffery. Be honest, show your true self, and then you’ll know when that hotline bling, that can only mean one thing (college acceptance)! About Kat StubingView all posts by Kat Stubing » Ready to get started? We're here to help. CONTACT US »

Happy employees are more productive Free Essay Example, 1000 words

In many corporations, workers are stimulated by the existence of opportunities for further development. According to Bockerman and Ilmakunnas (297), workers who perceive that there is no opportunity for them to grow further are not contented with their jobs even if they have good salaries or wages. This discontentment can result in the search for new jobs. The existence of factors such as career developmental support in the form of career mentoring and training opportunities is what is most important for workers who may have undeveloped skills that they wish to polish. The existence of satisfactory training and mentorship programs is another factor that contributes to the overall satisfaction of workers. This is also beneficial for the company because it can provide opportunities for the workers to be guided towards developing a culture that is commensurate to the expectations of the executives. According to Baicker, Cutler, and Song, assisting newly employed workers to get acclimat ed to their responsibilities is something that can contribute to them developing their potential later on (311). Another way in which companies can seek to ensure that they have satisfied workers is by providing bonuses for them where necessary. We will write a custom essay sample on Happy employees are more productive or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Workers will also be contented with their work if they are provided with the independence they require in order to realize their own objectives in their responsibilities. For example, if workers are allowed the freedom to be able to interpret the requirements of their jobs as they comprehend them, they are more likely to go out of their way to perform the jobs to perfection (Govindarajulu and Daily 379). If, however, they have to deal with the reality that the permission of executives is needed for every small step, they will feel that their instincts are not trusted; and will be reluctant to commit themselves to the tasks with the same ardor. Creating a good culture in the workplace will also bring employee satisfaction. This could be translated into reasonable working hours, or even, in some circumstances, allowing for the inclusion of soothing music.

Film Review Don t Breathe Essay - 756 Words

A Review of Don’t Breathe This past summer, I had the opportunity to see the film Don’t Breathe in movie theaters. The film is directed by Fede Alvarez, a Uruguayan director who only has one other full length film to his name. Mr. Alvarez also wrote the film, with his partner Rodo Sayagues. It stars Jane Levy, Dylan Minnette, Daniel Zovatto, and Stephen Lang. Overall, this was a fantastic experience. The film is about a trio of thieves that get a tip about a blind army vet. Apparently, he’s just received 300,000 dollars in some kind of settlement that isn’t really elaborated on until later in the film. They decide they’re going to try and rob him. He decides he’s going to stop them with the help of his vicious guard dog. As expected, things go wrong and our thieves get trapped in his house. Most of the film is focused on the quartet of people trying to make it through the evening. However, as the story progresses, you find out things about the characters, especially the Blind Man, that really change your perspective of the people involved. Once the audience realizes how damaged he is, and how desperate he is to find peace, the movie takes on a whole new level that really makes it awesome. The thing that I liked the most here was the simplicity of the movie. Almost all of it occurs in the house, and when it does go outside, the scenes are brief and very different. It’s really an exercise in tension. There are a number of scenes that had the audience around me holding theirShow MoreRelatedThe Movie Black Swan Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract This research paper will reflect on the film Black Swan. Examples will be used from the movie to explain the symptoms of psychosis found in Schizophrenia. Different scenes will be broken down to the physiological and biological level. Common drugs will also be listed and described and their purpose. 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Explain for Which Reasons the Real Wage Is Expected Free Essays

string(183) " in his paper says that â€Å"anecdotal evidence from the Great Depression and the 1920–21 contraction strongly suggests that real wages were countercyclical during these episodes: e\." Explain for which reasons the real wage is expected to be acyclical in the classical model, countercyclical in The Keynesian Model and Procyclical in the New Keynesian model. Which model better fits the empirical evidence? Introduction The concept of real wages has increasing significance in the current world. Rising inflation and recession in almost all major economies have led to the importance of studying real wage with respect to prices and economies themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Explain for Which Reasons the Real Wage Is Expected or any similar topic only for you Order Now Such a study would require an in-depth understanding of the business cycle of real wages. From Classical theory to New Keynesian theory, Cyclicality of real wage has been defined in contrasting terms. Much of the conflicting evidence is simply characteristic of empirical research. Researchers use different model specifications and estimation techniques. Empirical results are often sensitive to the choice of cyclical indicators and time period chosen (Dimelis, 2007). This essay seeks to explain why real wage is expected to be acyclical in the classical model, counter-cyclical in the Keynesian model and procyclical in the New Keynesian model and shed light on which model best fits empirical evidence. Real Wage Real wage is defined as the â€Å"wage paid to the average worker divided by the price level. †(Delong and Olney,2006 p. 535) It therefore measures the cost of labour in real terms as it is the number of units of output that can be exchanged for one time-based unit of work. (Levacic and Rebmann, 1982) The Classical Model In the classical model, the basic assumption is that prices and wages are flexible. The basis of classical theory is that the markets work perfectly, that prices adjust rapidly to cover any gap that may arise due to a difference in the quantities demanded and supplied. Delong and Olney,2006) The classical model thus assumes full employment, i. e. the actual output matches the potential output of the economy. Since prices are flexible, an increase in the supply of labour will lead to a deficit in the demand, as a result some workers will become unemployed, and some of the unemployed will offer their labour at a lower wage in an attempt to secure emplo yment. As a result, those employed will also lower their wages causing the wage to decline relative to price level P, and real wage to fall. Due to the law of diminishing returns of marginal product of labour, as real wage falls, firms wishing to maximize their profit will employ more workers leading to an automatic adjustment of the labour market which is once again at equilibrium. In the case of demand exceeding supply, firms will offer higher wages to attract workers which will cause the real wage to rise. As a result other firms will reduce their labour such that the demand equals the supply again, and the labour market is at equilibrium. Thus real wage, in the classical model ,its movement is independent of the direction of growth of economy and is thus said to be acyclical. (Delong and Olney,2006; Mankiw, 2003) Though few empirical studies support the theory that wages are acyclical, most critics pointed out that many wages and prices are not flexible and it is this inflexibility that explains both the existence of unemployment and the non-neutrality of money (Mankiw,2003) . Gamber and Joutz(2001) in their paper ‘Real wages over the business cycle’ studied the movement of real wage with respect to labour supply,demand ,aggregate demand and oil prices and concluded that increases in oil prices and reduced hours had little impact on the real wage thus making real wage acyclical. This could be true of the data studied, however many researchers including Solon et al (1994) have questioned evidence that claimed real wage to be acyclical, saying that a compositional bias tends to mask the true cyclical behaviour of a particular group’s real wage. The Keynesian Model While the classical model is only appropriate when wages and prices are flexible, it provides a simplified analysis of how the economy works. A more realistic model is however the Keynesian model which is very different from the classical model in many ways. To begin with, the model does not guarantee full employment and the actual output does not always equal potential output which is due to the basic assumption that prices and wages are â€Å"sticky†. That is, they will not move freely and rapidly in response to a change in demand or supply. (Delong and Olney, 2006) The reasons behind sticky prices have been identified by many economists; some explanations given include the impact of implicit contracts which involve non variable wages together with a probability of layoff, without appealing to risk averse behaviour (Levacic and Rebmann, 1982). Another simplified explanation is that managers and workers find re negotiating wages costly or they lack sufficient information. The problem of â€Å"money illusion† is also a possible explanation where workers and managers overlook the effect of price level changes when assessing the impact of changes in wages or prices on their real income. Delong and Olney,2006) In the Keynesian model, if there is a decline in a consumer’s propensity to consume, there will be a fall in expenditure for goods. However, there is no change on the spending on investment goods, flow of exports or government expenditure. When firms see the spending on their products declining, they will reduce the production rat her than prices since prices are sticky to avoid accumulating unsold inventory. When firms reduce their production, naturally they will fire some of the workers since workers will not reduce their wages (as they are sticky). This leads to an overall drop in the national income, which as a result of the multiplier effect is greater than the decline in consumer spending. (Delong and Olney, 2006) Keynes’ theory assumes that there is a negative correlation between real wage and output or employment, i. e. that real wage in the Keynesian model is counter-cyclical (Blanchard and Fisher, 1989). Some empirical data supports this behaviour, Swanson(2007, p. 33), in his paper says that â€Å"anecdotal evidence from the Great Depression and the 1920–21 contraction strongly suggests that real wages were countercyclical during these episodes: e. You read "Explain for Which Reasons the Real Wage Is Expected" in category "Papers" . , â€Å"[Benjamin] Strong wanted to wait until wage rates were lower. He noted that deposits had fallen off considerably, retail prices had fallen moderately, wholesale prices precipitously [56%], but wages had hardly been affected (Friedman and Schwartz (1963) as cited in Sw anson (2007), p. 33). † Swanson (2007, p. 34)also notes that â€Å"workers’ wages have been counter cyclical over both the post-War and post-1967 period when those wages are deflated by the price index of the worker’s own 2-digit or 4-digit industry and compared to the state of economic activity in that same industry. And studies using data disaggregated by industry have shown a rather countercyclical behaviour for the US (Mehra, 1982; Burda, 1985 as cited in Dimelis, 1997 p. 312)) Although the Keynesian model was a more realistic model, it was criticised for its lack of clarity on how the labour market, and equilibrium is attained. This led to the development of New Keynesian Economics. (Mankiw, 2003) New Keynesian Model Partly due to criticism of Keynesian Economics, New Keynesian Economics was developed. The new Keynesian model tries to explain how wages and prices behave in the short run by identifying the market imperfections that make them sticky and cause the economy to shift from its natural state. (Mankiw, 2003) In other words, it uses micro foundations to explain macroeconomic effects. The model, like the Keynesian model builds on the assumptions of sticky wages and prices with the traditional model of aggregate demand and supply and tries to provide a better explanation of why wages and prices are sticky in the first place. It proposes that small costs of adjustment or rigidities can have large macroeconomic effects. (Mankiw, 2003). Blanchard and Gali (2005, p. 10)assume that â€Å"real wages respond sluggishly to labor market conditions, as a result of some (unmodelled) imperfection or friction in labor markets. † It also assumes that real wages of the current period to some extent depend on the real wage of the previous period. And that current inflation is the result of decisions based on news about future demand and cost conditions obtained in previous periods, in addition to current information. A consequence of that â€Å"distributed lag† property is the emergence of inertia in inflation. (Blanchard and Gali, 2005) Real wages are procyclical and are thus positively correlated with the output, they rise as output rises (above its natural level) and fall as output declines (relative to its natural level). This is because nominal wages are positively correlated with the business cycle, while prices in the New Keynesian model are sticky. (Mankiw, 2003) In the above explanation of the classical and Keynesian model, there is some empirical evidence that supports the behaviour real wage as acyclical and counter-cyclical. However, there are a larger number of studies that conclude that real wage generally exhibits procyclical behaviour ( Keane, et al. (1988);Kydland and Prescott (1989);Solon et al. (1994);Peng and Siebert(2008)). According to Blanchard and Fisher(1989, p. 19), real wage is weakly procyclical, showing a positive correlation between real wage and output but being â€Å"statistically insignificant†. However, Solon et al. (1994) found the aggregate real wage to be significantly procyclical and in a further investigation found that micro study of the same data revealed stronger procyclicality of real wage than that revealed by aggregate data. Kandil and Woods, 2002) Several empirical studies of real wage cyclicality of various countries such as Germany(Dimelis, 1997), Italy(Peng and Siebert, 2008) and USA( Solon et al. , 1994; Kandil and Woods, 2002) conclude that real wage is more procyclical in nature. One can draw the conclusion that, real wage, as supported by empirical evidence , is procyclical, whether it is weakly procyclical or significantly so. Conclusion It can thus be concluded that, the three models explained differ in many aspects particularly their explanation of the behaviour of real wage. Studies have been undertaken to understand the cyclicality of real wage with respect to real market conditions, and although some studies support that real wage is acyclical and counter-cyclical, a larger number of studies show that real wage is procyclical on an average. On a micro level as well, real wage has shown strong procyclicality. As mentioned before, the great variance of results in the study of real wage could be a result of the different techniques employed for research, the sample of data studied or if the study was aggregate based or disaggregate based. Thus, while the Classical and Keynesian models are applicable in certain cases, the new Keynesian model is appropriate for many of the prevalent markets or economies. References Blanchard, O. J Fisher, S, 1989, Lectures on Macroeconomics, MIT press Blanchard, O. J. and Gali, J. , Real Wage Rigidities and the New Keynesian Model (October 31, 2005). MIT Department of Economics Working Paper No. 05-28; FRB Boston Working Paper No. 05-14. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn. com/abstract=842285 Delong , J. B Olney, M. L, 2006, Macroeconomics, Second Edition, New York: Mcgraw-Hill/Irwin Dimelis, S. P, 1997, ‘Cyclical and causal relations between real wages and employment in the EU’, Applied Economics,Vol: 29: 3, p. 311-324 Gamber, E. N. ; Joutz, F. L. , Real Business over the Business Cycle, Eastern Economic Journal, Summer 1997, v. 23, iss. 3, pp. 277-91 Kandil, M Woods, J. G, 2002, ‘Employment composition and the cyclical behaviour of the aggregate real wage’, Applied Economics, Vol: 34: 6, p. 689-708 Keane, M. , Mofitt, R. nd Runkle, D. E. (1988) Real wages over the business cycle: estimating the impact of heterogeneity with micro data, Journal of Political Economy, Vol: 96, p. 1232- 66. Kydland, F. E. and Prescott, E. C. (1989) Cyclical movements of the labour input and its implicit real wage. Research Department Working Paper 413, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Levacic, R Rebmann, A, 1982, Macroeconomics-An introduction to Keynesian-neoclassical controversies, Second Edition, Hampshire: Macmillan press Mankiw, N. G, 2003, Macroeconomics, Fifth Edition, New York: Worth Publishers Peng,F. Siebert, S. W , 2008,Real wage Cyclicality in Italy, Paper provided by Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in its series IZA Discussion Papers with number 2465. Solon, G. , Barsky, R. and Parker, J. A. (1994) Measuring the cyclicality of real wages: How important is composition bias? , The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol:CIX,p. 1- 25. Swanson, E, 2007,Real wage cyclicality in the PSID, working paper series, Federal bank of San Francisco How to cite Explain for Which Reasons the Real Wage Is Expected, Papers

Ek Ruka Hua Faisla - Review free essay sample

E’Ek rukaa hua faisla’’ , remake of Hollywood classic ’’Twelve angry men’’ an Oscar Winning Film widely used in Management Schools corporate for understanding ‘HUMAN BEHAVIOR’ and â€Å"LEADERSHIP STYLES’ †¦.. Let’s take a look at the plot first to be familiar with this movie. The movie starts from a scene in a jury room where 12 jury members are discussing the case for the final verdict. The case is regarding a murder of an old man and the suspect is his own son. Everything from the statement of witnesses to debate of lawyers has already finished. And as they are reaching verdict and counting votes.. 11 said guilty and 1 said not guilty. Now the whole movie revolves around this 1 person who is standing on his ground for voting not guilty. He explains that he is neutral in his judgment and unless he is satisfied he won’t vote guilty. And gradually with his common sense, thinking and debating power ( Advocacy skills ) he changed the mind of other jury members until finally they all voted not guilty. This movie is special especially because it portrays the thinking of 12 different people from 12 different aspects of society, from self-made guy coming from the slums to famous doctor to elite class people. In these 12 jury members, everyone was so careless to reach their decision except that 12th person. They are so preoccupied with their personal problems or engagements that they do not understand the gravity of their decision. 1 person’s life is on stake. yes, the accused guy could be real culprit or maybe not. But they should not just let the guy to be hanged only because they were getting late for a movie or a game or for dinner party, etc. Sometimes the plot do get interesting when that lone ranger (12th jury member) is highlighting the broken links in the statements of witnesses and the case put together by public-prosecutor against the accused. You get the feeling that this guy could do wonders if he were a real lawyer and whether the lawyer for the accused was so stupid. The movie touch the hearts of everyone who watches it. It shows how unsafe we all really are. How much we lie to our self just to feel safe and strong , and how weak we really are. You can relate yourself to each and every one of that jury member. Each person is a manifestation of your in different situations you can find yourself in your daily routine life. And it horrifies you to realise that how prejudiced and careless you have become to other humans and their feelings. You are not wrong in any way.. but you have to be understanding enough and responsible enough to take other’s point of view into account too when reaching a major decision that could effect other’s life. The message is very clear. Do not reach any decision just for the heck of it. Do take time to think and be as neutral as possible. You really feel so sick when you see and hear the remarks of the other jury members and why some of them want the boy to be punished. Just because the guy from elite class think that this boy belongs to slums and so they must be destroyed to make 1 person less against the fight for exploitation. The doctor thinks that these guys are good for nothing and it’s better that the boy should be punished for making this world more safe and clean. But The main character is the jury member who is most difficult to change his decission, Pankaj kapoor (who i am sure was quite young when he acted in this movie), is really amazing in his portrayal of a hurt father who is prejudiced about the accused boy because his own son had been disrespectful to him and even slapped him. And in the end, you really wonder.. this is a movie so there has to be poetic justice. But in this real world, can you really be impartial and neutral while making every decision? i know and you know too.. t’s next to impossible.. that 12th jury member, the ideal human being , only exist in the movie. It’s hard to find anybody who can be impartial in decisions which do not effect their own life. So, the real decision here to be made is to be positive and unbiased and not to be influenced by our preconceived notions in making important decisions. I am glad that i get to share my views with all of you guys. I would totally recommend this movie to eve ryone. and i mean everyone. This movie is worth watching at least once for your development. ttp://www. slideshare. net/prkworld/ek-ruka-hua-faisla The model is represented as a grid with concern for production as the [x-axis]] and concern for people as the Y-axis; each axis ranges from 1 (Low) to 9 (High). The resulting leadership styles are as follows: * The indifferent (previously called impoverished) style (1,1) : evade and elude. In this style, managers have low concern for both people and production. Managers use this style to preserve job and job seniority, protecting themselves by avoiding getting into trouble. The main concern for the manager is not to be held responsible for any mistakes, which results in less innovative decisions. * The accommodating (previously, country club) style (1,9): yield and comply. This style has a high concern for people and a low concern for production. Managers using this style pay much attention to the security and comfort of the employees, in hopes that this will increase performance. The resulting atmosphere is usually friendly, but not necessarily very productive. * The dictatorial (previously, produce or perish) style (9,1): control and dominate. With a high concern for production, and a low concern for people, managers using this style find employee needs unimportant; they provide their employees with money and expect performance in return. Managers using this style also pressure their employees through rules and punishments to achieve the company goals. This dictatorial style is based on Theory X of Douglas McGregor, and is commonly applied by companies on the edge of real or perceived failure. This style is often used in cases of crisis management. * The status quo (previously, middle-of-the-road) style (5,5): balance and compromise. Managers using this style try to balance between company goals and workers needs. By giving some concern to both people and production, managers who use this style hope to achieve suitable performance but doing so gives away a bit of each concern so that neither production nor people needs are met. * The sound (previously, team style) (9,9): contribute and commit. In this style, high concern is paid both to people and production. As suggested by the propositions of Theory Y, managers choosing to use this style encourage teamwork and commitment among employees. This method relies heavily on making employees feel themselves to be constructive parts of the company. * The opportunistic style: exploit and manipulate. Individuals using this style, which was added to the grid theory before 1999, do not have a fixed location on the grid. They adopt whichever behaviour offers the greatest personal benefit. * The paternalistic style: prescribe and guide. This style was added to the grid theory before 1999. In The Power to Change, it was redefined to alternate between the (1,9) and (9,1) locations on the grid. Managers using this style praise and support, but discourage challenges to their thinking * Grid theory breaks behavior down into seven key elements: Element| Description| Initiative| Taking action, driving and supporting| Inquiry| Questioning, researching and verifying understanding| Advocacy| Expressing convictions and championing ideas| Decision Making| Evaluating resources, choices and consequences| Conflict Resolution| Confronting and resolving disagreements| Resilience| Dealing with problems, setbacks and failures| Critique| Delivering objective, candid feedback|

Characterization of Hamlet, Gertrude and Ophelia Essay Essay Example

Characterization of Hamlet, Gertrude and Ophelia Essay Paper Hamlet is a character of extraordinary complexness and deepness. No simple expression can function to work out his enigma. A different Hamlet might hold killed his uncle Claudius on the strength of the Ghost’s accusal. ascended the throne. married Ophelia and lived merrily of all time after. But such a typical hero was non likely to be of involvement to Shakespeare. We can besides state that in Hamlet Shakespeare presents a liquidator and revenger who is both ruthless and reluctant and his decease is the ultimate consequence of his being charged by the Ghost to transport out instructions which were violative to his moral rules. We will write a custom essay sample on Characterization of Hamlet, Gertrude and Ophelia Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Characterization of Hamlet, Gertrude and Ophelia Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Characterization of Hamlet, Gertrude and Ophelia Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Like other tragic heroes of Shakespeare he is besides endowed with exceeding qualities like royal birth. graceful and charming personality among his ain countrymen. He has a high rational quality as Ophelia observes: O what a baronial head is here overthrown! / The courtier’s. soldier’s. scholar’s oculus. lingua. blade. / Th’ anticipation and rose of the just province. / The glass of manner. and the mold of signifier. / Th’ observed of all perceivers. [ Act III. Scene I ] In malice of possessing all these high qualities which rank him above the other characters the defect in his character leads to his ruin and makes him a tragic hero. The tragic defect in the character of Hamlet is that he thinks excessively much and experience excessively much. He is frequently disturbed by his ain nature of ‘self analyses’ . What is required of Hamlet is prompt action. whereas he broods over the moral idealism which leads to his hold in action. When he gets an chance to kill Claudius. he puts aside the idea because he can non strike an enemy while he is at supplication. Several causes account for his inactivity. By nature he is prone to believe instead than to move. He is a adult male of ethical motives and his moral idealism receives a daze when his female parent remarries Claudius after his father’s decease. Chance excessively plays an of import portion in determining his character. Chance places him in such a place in which he is incapable of making anything. He becomes inconsistent and is no longer a individual who reaches a decision merely by concluding. Like other tragic heroes Hamlet excessively has to confront struggle. both internal and external. The internal struggle is between his moral consciences and the act of retaliation which he is called upon to execute. Love of his male parent. the dishonour of his female parent and the villainousness of his uncle prompt him to take retaliation while his aristocracy. his moral idealism. his rules and his faith rebellion against such a barbarous act. The consequence is that. rupture within himself. he suffers mental anguish. Hamlets wants to take retaliation against Claudius. the liquidator of his male parent. the supplanter of his rights to the throne and the seducer of his female parent. In Hamlet Shakespeare presents a revenger who is both ruthless and loath. As a revenger he must move. on behalf of indignant virtuousness. to reconstruct a profaned order. put right what is ‘out of joint’ . But the act he is impelled to make. affect him in immorality of the sort which he would penalize. As the ruthless revenger he exemplifies in his ain individual the immorality which is inseparable from the good in human nature ; as the loath revenger he can typify the good’s abomination of it. As compared to Fortinbras and Laertes. Hamlet is slow in taking retaliation because of his wont of believing long and deep. Bradley clearly describes this status and says he suffered from melancholia. a pathological province which may good develop into madness. ( p. 121 ) There is an another facet of Hamlet’s word picture i. e. his lunacy. T. S Eliot argues that ‘the lunacy of Hamlet ballad in Shakespeare’s manus ; in the earlier play a simple artifice. and to the terminal. we may assume. understood as a regulation by the audience. For Shakespeare it is less than lunacy and more than feigned. ’ ( p. 102 ) By feigning to be huffy. Hamlet kept unfastened the safety valve and could talk order to alleviate the force per unit area on his head. This is what T. S Eliot means when he uses the words â€Å"more than feigned. † Samuel Johnson ( 1765 ) besides considers his lunacy as fabricated even in his ( Hamlet’s ) intervention of Ophelia. Johnson says in this respect. ‘He plays the lunatic most. when he treats Ophelia with so much discourtesy. which seems to be useless and motiveless inhuman treatment. ’ ( Johnson. 1765 ) Shakespeare’s word picture of Gertrude and Ophelia in Hamlet is self-contradictory as it challenges every bit good as complements the modern-day societal traditions and norms. Gertrude is the best illustration of this paradox that is manifested through her extraordinary domination over all the major characters of Hamlet. her influence in the tribunal affairs and province personal businesss and her blind obeisance to Claudius. Ophelia is besides active in her domestic sphere but her involvement are restricted to amative and marital maters merely and they are farther directed by his male parent Polonius and brother Laertes. She is an prototype of traditional feminist looks of the age that require celibacy. conformity and credence of male dominancy from adult females. Ophelia remains inactive in the domestic and emotional sphere. Ophelia has no individuality of her ain and all her domestic and amative affairs are directed by her male parent. Polonius enterprises to manner the life and attitude of Ophelia harmonizing to his ain wants. He considers his desires as her desires and attempts to orient her attack by assorted agencies. Ophelia is farther guarded by his brother against any possible menace to her celibacy and virginity. At Ophelia’s entry into Hamlet. her brother. Laertes bodyguards Ophelia reding her on her relationship with Hamlet. So right from the really start. Ophelia is under the sway of Laertes and Polonius. So her character is in complete conformance with the traditional values of that clip. Polonius ever responds from a place of authorization over Ophelia. stressing his power as the decision-maker for her. Both her male parent and brother have a ego assigned undertaking of directing Ophelia how to move decently in every sphere of her life. Although Shakespeare has characterized Ophelia as inferior to male characters. but word picture of Gertrude has double feature. Sometime it challenges the traditions of the conformist society and sometime it itself become conforms to the values of the society by moving passively.

UPS Solutions Essays

UPS Solutions Essays UPS Solutions Paper UPS Solutions Paper What kind of Information and Services does the website provide for individuals, Small Business and Large Business? List these services. LIPS Trade Direct or Automated Shipment Processing. Explain how you or your business would benefit from the service. LIPS provides lot of services where the individuals, small businesses or large businesses benefit from their services. UPS delivers packages like mails and other documents to people and organization all around the world. LIPS through website provides the following services indicated below for the individuals, small and large businesses. Information about shipping of parcels ;LIPS Trade Direct (Air, Ocean, Cross Border) ;Tracking Freight (Air, Ocean, Ground) ; Store locations Individuals The website provides lot of information and services that are useful for the individuals when they want to ship their mails, packages across the country or worldwide. For example if an individual wants to deliver a parcel immediately without going to UPS and this ovule be the right solution for the individual to use the website. Individuals can create a shipment, calculate time and cost, schedule a pickup and find the UPS locations nearby. Individuals can do this by using the computer as well as with the mobile phone. LIPS allows the individuals o track their shipment by various means by using the track by number, track by reference, and track by email and by SMS tracking. It allows the customers to track on real time basis by using the website. Small and Large Businesses. 2. Go to the Business Solution portion of the LIPS website. Browse the LIPS business solutions by category (such as shipment delivery, returns or international trade) and write a description of all the services LIPS offered for the categories. UPS Returns Manage Returns Better and Improve Customer Experience Turn your returns process into a competitive advantage with the help of an industry leaderserve your customers better and create value with streamlined returns management and reverse logistics through SIPS, With UPS Returns, you gain greater control and visibility, so youre never surprised by an incoming return shipment. That perspective can increase your efficiency, let you react more quickly, and positively impact your bottom line. Your customers expect reliable returns, and meeting their needs can increase their loyalty to your business. LIPS Returns can help you: ; Ensure compliance by controlling speed and cost of inbound shipments ; Minimizes mistaken return shipments to the wrong warehouses or repair centers ; Create and deliver commercial invoices with return labels to international customers ; Forecast volume and adjust staffing around inbound returns ; Link shipment information directly into your customer service or warehouse operations ; Maximize fast recovery of high-value goods, before they become obsolete ; Your company is not billed for the transportation off Returns package until it is delivered. Shipping Packages Four Easy Steps to Preparing your Package It can be exciting when you receive a package, but disappointing it the contents re in less than perfect shape, Well show you how to properly box contents and label packages when you ship so your package contents arrive in good condition. Follow these four steps: ; Choose a box strong enough to hold the contents. That means it shouldnt have tears, rips, bends, or other damage. You can use your own box or UPS packaging supplies Ideally, youll want to use a new corrugated box. ; Select and use proper cushioning materials for package contents. Wrap items individually and surround them with bubble sheeting and recyclable or foam loose-fill materials. Content should not directly touch the inside of the shipping box. ; Securely seal your package. Use pressure-sensitive plastic or nylon reinforced tape thats at least 2 ninja. 08 CM wide. ;Properly label your package. Include full shipping instructions such as postal codes, apartment numbers or Other information that will help with delivery. LIPS online shipping can help you complete your label. Make sure to place the label on top of the package and remove any old labels or cross out old markings. Secure the label and avoid placing it on box seams or tape. International Services Reaching new customers and providers internationally is easier with an experienced global shipping expert like LIPS. Whether you need an economical shipping option or the fastest possible service for urgent shipments, we can provide a solution for international shipments of any size. Is Speed What You Need? For your shipments that need to arrive as quickly as possible, LIPS offers on-time express services, typically with options for morning or end of day delivery. Time in transit typically ranges from one to three days depending on the origin and destination countries. Need an Economical Solution? For less-urgent shipments, even those that require reliable, day-definite delivery, we have services that offer an excellent alternative for your Time in transit typically ranges from two to five days, depending on origin and destination. Making a good first impression is easy with world-class LIPS services working for you. Good impressions mean more clients in new markets for your business, and faster growth around the world. 3. Explain how the website helps UPS achieve some or all Of the strategic business objectives we describe. What would be the impact of UPS s business if this website.

Entrepreneurship course work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Entrepreneurship course work - Essay Example This is one of the most foundational benefits of offering organic food and skin care products to consumers: there is a pre-existing set of attitudes and beliefs that they are less harmful than non-organic products in many different consumer markets. Leonard (2011) illustrates that the organic cosmetic industry has moved from being a niche product line and is now available in more traditional channels such a major department stores and even hypermarkets. This has been a product of years of marketing distribution improvements and brand promotions. With more and more consumers linking quality with organic personal care products and more convenience by being available in multiple channels, companies now witness opportunities for higher profitability. The responsiveness of many companies offering organic products illustrate that the long-term opportunities for capturing broad target segments are significant. Worldwide, the organic skin care market was worth $7.6 billion USD in 2012 (Patterson 2015). The entire industry is expected to achieve a growth rate of 9.6 percent by the year 2018 (Pitman 2013). The UK, though a smaller market than Asia, ranks as the eighth largest market for organic cosmetics and personal care products. Falk and Benson (2008) asserts that the UK government has been instrumental in helping many consumer markets to understand the differences between chemical-based and organic-based personal care products which is creating higher levels of demand (and increased perceptions of value) for these products. Therefore, all indications is that the organic skin care and personal care product industry in the UK is favourable for achieving growth and profitability where there is measurable demand and beliefs about the quality of these products. Europe, as a whole, represents that second largest market in the world for organic skin care products. The organic skin care industry is moving toward double-digit growth as the

Three branches of the U.S. government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Three branches of the U.S. government - Essay Example The U.S. government has three branches: the legislative, the executive, and the judiciary, each performing independently various function that support the functioning of the government. The three branches work independently.Consequently, the singular purpose of having the three branches working separately is to promise that they do not become too powerful to infringe on the freedoms of the population. In analyzing the three branches of the government, we see that all of their functions serve the public differently, and some branches seem to have more power than others in affecting the work of the government. Hence, this essay discusses the legislature because it has done and is doing a lot for the people of the United State (Trueman, 2000). The legislature is comprised of the bicameral Congress, the Senate, and the House of Representatives. The two houses are tasked with many functions, but their main purpose is to make legislative laws. The Senate is the upper house with each state represented by two senators in it. The House of Representatives represents the lower house and has a number of elected members proportionate to the population of a state. The Senate has one hundred seats and allows elected members to serve for a six-year term. However, the House of Representatives has a bigger number of members, and currently there are 435 members serving for a two-year term. The House of Representatives and the Senate have almost similar functions, but they also have specific responsibilities and powers. In addition, the two chambers work parallelly to each other in passing the bills that originate from either the Senate or the House of Representative (Wilson, Dilulio, & Bose, 2009). The legislative branch has many functions, but law making is its key function. The executive branch implements and enforces the law, whereas the judiciary branch interprets them. Hence, in serving the people, the legislative branch has the most power given that it is the one that delib erates on the bill that later becomes a law. The input of bills in addressing the challenges people encounter in their daily activities acknowledges the work of the Congress for the benefit of the Americans. Therefore, their service to the people supersedes the enforcing and elucidation of the executive and the judiciary branches. Furthermore, the legislative branch consists of elected members, and thus it represents the heart of representative democracy. When the law makers make laws, they do so in a democratic manner to meet the public interests and to ensure they are upheld (Wilson et al., 2009). In addition to making laws, the legislature has other non-legislative powers and responsibilities. These functions are not in any way related to the legislation of laws. One of the non-legislation powers of the Congress are the electoral powers. The electoral powers are only exercised when the electoral process fails to determine the results of a presidential election. The House of Repre sentatives is privileged to elect the president in cases where no candidate gains a majority Electoral College. On the other hand, the Senate is responsible for electing vice president in case no presidential candidate has enough Electoral College to ensure the victory of his nominee to the position of a vice president (Wilson et al., 2009). The legislative branch also has the non-legislative power of impeachment. The House of Representatives has the power to impeach federal government officials who are deemed to have bribed, committed high crimes, misdemeanors, and treason. While the House has the powers to impeach, the Senate acts as the judge and jury. In the history of the United States, only two presidents have been impeach: Bill Clinton (1998) and Andrew Johnson (1868), who both were acquitted by the Senate. Another non-legislative function of the Congress is the power of confirmation. The senate has the

Hacking; dangerous effects on the society

Hacking; dangerous effects on the society Abstract Hacking is just like a cancer that has very dangerous effects on the society. Today in this modern world, where measures have been taken to improve the security level in the distributed systems hackers have found a way to crack into systems and take away information. In this paper, I will explain you few aspects of hacking that has caused of its existence and few techniques through which we can minimise this. What are the different issues and motivations that arise in a person that he opts for hacking? Is money, thrill or something to break the rules inspires the hacker to indulge into such acts are discussed in this paper. This paper also gives you an insight to consider how important the network security plays to avoid hackers to steal away information that is very confidential. Measures are to be taken in order to remove these possibilities. In recent years we have seen a drastic change in the field of IT, where electronic commerce, email, online shopping, online banking, information bank of numerous data, software development has improved leaps and bounds. As the technology has increased to new heights the hackers have found a way to get easy money. They find ways to get into government confidential files, personal banking details, steal away their money from the banks, implant a Trojan or virus into different computers to make them vulnerable to work. In this paper I have thrown some light on hackers skills, their perspective, their targets. Introduction Hacking according to oxford dictionary means to gain unauthorized access (to data in a computer). Banks defines hacking as something that boring mainframe computer operators did to improve performance and battle boredom. [1]. Here a bank focuses on boredom as the reason of hacking. Darlington believes hacking is not limited to accessing data or information but also includes an attack on the privacy of all people [5]. Almost all different opinions agree on the illegality of hacking. On the other hand the word hacker is the agent of hack or hacking and it was defined as a person who enjoys accessing files whether for fun, imposing power or the interest related to the accessed files or data according to Taylor [8]. While Marotta has a negative view of the hacker as a data lord, a barbarian who takes what he wants [9]. Himanen defines hacker as any person who performs illegal actions whether they were related to computer or not which means the usage of a device apart from its functionality. Seems hacking according to Himanen is related to any illegal or unauthorized action [7]. Clear from the definitions mentioned above that there is a controversy that encounters the judgment and definition of hacking, controversy aroused because its hard to decide exactly what the aim is behind hacking or how to know the mentality of the hacker. Thats why the ethics and motivation of hackers should be paid attention and discussed then understanding the hacker will be much easier. Who is the hacker? According to Taylor, Hacker can be anyone who has knowledge of things; he can be a graduate or a computer professional working at a multinational company. He can be one amongst us. A is part of the society, a computer professional who wants to use technology for his own benefit [11]. Hackers are experts and professional people who first enjoy the technology and through research and development they gain more interest and you never know when this curiosity of technology changes into crime. People must realise that the technology is good lest it is used for the countries benefit, but it has adverse affect when things turn upside down, that the hackers learn this technique in order to gain profits for themselves through illegal ways. Levy described hackers in regard to the history; she divided the life history of hackers into three generations: the first generation of hacking was made of experts of computer programming who never stopped improving their skills then misuse them, the secon d generation was made of computer hardware developers who found hacking and accessing data and information for free as an appealing idea while the third generation included developers of games architecture [8]. And I think the fourth generation of developers are those who know about computers and have just enough knowledge about computer programming. Pipkin classification of hackers depends on the functionality, in other words the classification depends on the way hacker interacts with what is being hacked. Hackers were classified into three different types; the first type is called In-house hacker. An in-house hackers actually works inside the company, who knows the system security, has access to all the features. His motivation to hacking might be because he wasnt recognised as a potential candidate for promotion or because he was betrayed by his fellow colleagues. The second type of hackers is a super hacker who doesnt interact with the system, but remotely monitors all the movements or the data transactions that are going on and depending on the situation and the amount of money that is being transferred he then changes that transaction into his account. And finally, comes the professional hacker, he is very strong and capable of getting any type of data from anywhere, he has the ability to manipulate things and change them t o his benefit, programming Trojans and software that get installed on the system through hidden window and then sits on the system[10]. Motivations behind Hacking: Hackers psychology and the fuel that encourages him/her to perform such illegal activities, also because hackers view about what they are doing is far different from our views as victims Furnell ([6] Pipkin, in his paper Halting the hacker, says the challenging part of the hackers personality as the biggest motivation; this means that the hacker feels the joy and excitement when hacking systems that are provided with the almost perfect security tools [10]. One of the main reasons for hacking is excitement where hackers find adrenalin rush to break the law, to find an easy access to earn money by hacking crucial information of the customers by creating unreal shopping websites and obtaining payment details, credit card details. Furnell judged hackers depending on the harm they cause whatever was their motivation, because hacking is a disease and should be removed so that the effect of hacker attacks will be minimized [6]. The motivations behind hacking are an issue that is discussed heavily due to the importance of understanding the An ethical hacker attempts to duplicate the intent and actions of malicious hackers without causing harm. Ethical hackers conduct penetration tests to determine what an attacker can find out about an information system, whether a hacker can gain and maintain access to the system, and whether the hackers tracks can be successfully covered without being detected. The ethical hacker operates with the permission and knowledge of the organization they are trying to defend and tries to find weaknesses in the information system that can be exploited. In some cases, to test the effectiveness of their information system security team, an organization will not inform their team of the ethical hackers activities. This situation is referred to as operating in a double blind environment. To operate effectively, the ethical hacker must be informed of the assets that should be protected, potential threat sources, and the extent to which the organization will support the ethical hackers efforts. Hacker and Ethical Hacker Characteristics and Operation: Hackers can be categorized into the three general classes of black hats, gray hats, and white hats. A black hat hacker or cracker has the necessary computing expertise to carry out harmful attacks on information systems. A gray hat is a hacker with a split personality. At times, this individual will not break the law and, in fact, might help to defend a network. At other times, the gray hat hacker reverts to black hat activities. The white hat individual usually has exceptional computer skills and uses his or her abilities to increase the security posture of information systems and defend them from malicious attacks. This individual might be an information security consultant or security analyst. Entities that perform ethical hacking functions for organizations usually fall into one of three categories: white hats, former black hats, and independent consulting organizations. The white hat ethical hacker has the appropriate computer skills and understanding of the black hat hacker mentality and methods. This person might be an independent consultant hired to perform ethical hacking activities. The former black hat hacker is, we might hope, reformed and brings actual black hat experience to his or her work. There is a concern about this individual in that you can never be certain that he or she will not revert to their former malicious activities. The third category of ethical hacker is taken by consulting companies that perform a variety of services for organizations including accounting, auditing, and information system security. Related Types of Computer Crime and attack: Different kind of hacking attacks are considered as computer crimes. The following is the list of crimes which are committed frequently: Password Hacking. Hackers find a way to illegally hack into the passwords of users of federal bureau, banks in order to gain benefits from them. Network intrusions. Malicious Trojan, worms and viruses to gain access into the information systems. Cheat. Illegal use of people identities such as credit card details. Software piracy. Illegal copying and use of software Viruses. Viruses, Trojan horses and worm cause the computers to become more vulnerable and susceptible to hardware damage. IP address spoofing. Disguising the IP address and using that to gain illegal access into countries most confidential files. Money Laundering Illegally acquiring funds through the manipulation and falsification of financial statements and illegal transactions. Data-modification. The modifying all the data. Smuggling of files. Gain illegal access of confidential files including bodies like military/government networks, communication systems, power grids, and the financial community Pipkin lists a number of hacking attacks that are most commonly used in breaking system and causing disruption and damage for services. These attacks can be summarized as following [10]: Software piracy is a criminal offense. Many hackers have indulged in making copies of software and selling them to gain profits on their own. The companies who develop these software will have to bare all the losses only because of someone who is illegally misusing software. Stealing confidential files through illegal access of the companies most confidential files. Hackers have many such motives, few of them like denial of services to the user and to make hardware conflict, making unwanted popup, causing trouble, terrorism. Taylor listed the main characteristics of hacking attacks in three points [8]: Simplicity: means that the attack should be simple in appearance but the effects are impressive and the results will be as pleasing to the hacker as what he planned for. It means that do your job in a smart and easy way. Mastery: the methods used in hacking contain sophisticated knowledge which is difficult for anyone to understand. The reason behind mastery is to make sure that the hacker is the only one who can solve the problem being caused. Illicitness: means that the act is against all rules and laws. Conclusion: Earlier hackers were considered to be genius because they helped in many ways in the development of computers and internet technology as such, but in this modern world where personal benefit has played a major importance in ones life, people are often attracted to things they can do and gain through illegal entry into people privacy and using for their own benefits. Different motivations and opinions have been discussed in this paper, but if we consider them as a person they are a live example of genius because of their abilities of doing the unbelievable and unachievable by getting more involved into the programming and understanding the loop holes in the security systems. I think because of these, scientists and researchers have spent lots of technology to improve the systems security and make them more secure so that no illegal access can be gained. In my own view understanding the different perspective of a hacker, we can develop a much more secure and much more sophisticated environment and provide a safer world for transactions and online shopping. The bad things of them should be taken into good only to benefit our country and its progress. Bibilography: Banks, Michael A. (1997), Web psychos, stalkers, and pranksters: How to protect yourself online. Arizona (USA). Chakrabati, Anirban and Manimaran, G. (2002), Internet infrastructure security: A Taxonomy, IEEE Network, November/December 2002, P.13. CNET (2001), FBI hack raises global security concerns Crucial paradigm (2003), Hacking attacks-How and Why. Darlington, R (2001), Crime on the net Furnell, Steven. (2002), Cybercrime: Vandalizing the information society, Boston; London: Addison-Wesley. Himanen, Pekka. (2001), The hacker ethic and the spirit of information age, Great Britain. Levy, Hacker: Heroes of the computer revolution, Hackers: Crime in the digital sublime. Hackers: Crime in the digital sublime Halting the hacker: A practical guide to computer security Taylor, Paul A. (1999), Hackers: Crime in the digital sublime, London.

Was Bill Cosby right or wrong?

Bill Cosby’s address at the NAACP on the 50th anniversary of the Brown v. Board of education was definitely a shock to the black community, as well as the nation. Bill Cosby was a comedian, and a figure that was looked up to in the black community, however this speech ruined his career and reputation. Bill Cosby’s speech split up the black community into two. One side strong believed in what Bill Cosby said and agrees with him, while the other side disagrees with him and despises him. This speech impacted the black community very much, and even ruined his reputation, however I believe that he said was true.Although, he expressed it in a cruel way that left you cringing in your seat, it is very much true and action should be taken. His speech was the last speech of the night that shocked the audience and left them speechless. In this speech, Bill Cosby talks about the generations’ problems and what the parents need to do to fix this. This generation has teenagers dropping out of school, ending up in jail and not having a future. This is not the child’s fault but the parents neglecting their child and not setting those standards. There is a huge difference in respect and behavior now and what it was back then.Back then you would not do inappropriate things because it would embarrass your mother, and your family. Nowadays, parents would just say, â€Å"You are getting your butt kicked,† or â€Å"You are going to get smacked. † This is not discipline, but a threat that does not work, nor teaches your child anything. Children need to be taught respect and values, instead of being spoiled constantly and dependent. Bill Cosby implies that the Brown v. Board of Education was not won to see teenagers dropping out of school, but to have successful and independent individuals. I strongly believe in what Bill Cosby said is true.There is such a high dropout rate and where do they would they end up? Working part time jobs, or in jail . As a mother watches her son go to jail, she is crying, but the question is, where were you in his life? Where did he get this influence from? Where was his father? A child needs guidance, they cannot be alone in the world without guidance because what would they do? They would not know how to do anything without learning. A parent should always be in their child’s life, and as they get older to see them become independent and not have to worry over them. Dorothy Heights went through so much even just to walk to the school.She needed national guards protecting her from whites that would spit and throw things at her. Then teenagers now are complaining about classes and whining constantly. Bill Cosby is not trying to degrade you or make you seem like you are the worst parent in the world. He is just telling parents that neglect their child to step it up, and teach their children to do well in school, or to be successful in the future. When you do not teach your child, or encou rage them, or set standards for them they will fall and not have that support to get back on their feet to keep trying. Why?Because they are not getting that support they need. Bill Cosby did not say this speech for no reason; he is making a point that the black community did not go through the civil rights era to see a fifty percent dropout rate, or failures. They went through the civil rights era to see the future leaders, to see strong independent individuals, and to see them become successful in life. You would say that his speech was definitely harsh on the black community and inappropriate to say at an anniversary of this court case, however I can understand why he would say his speech this way.Sometimes when you want people to take action and tell them the truth you are going to have to say it harshly because it is the only way it is going to stick in their minds. It is hard to send a message and take that message and take action upon it. He uses a lot of heinous phrases that makes you cringe, but it makes you think. It makes you think am I doing my job as a parent? Am I there for my child when they need it? He uses these anecdotes and questions to have you reflect and think about your family and the black community as a whole. He wants you to see the truth and what is happening in this generation.I understand that his speech should have been happy because it is the last speech at the night, but he is trying to say the truth that not everything is well in the black community. He wants to show you that the civil rights era did not happen for nothing, but it was for black rights. Teenagers in the black community nowadays are taking that for granted and do not think about that, but shrug it off as if it was not important. It may be harsh, but I know he said this to send a message to parents to be there for their children and not to spoil them with clothes and such, but to spoil them in education to be successful.Bill Cosby’s speech talks about the f aults of black society and the reasons for it and what should be fixed. There is such a high dropout rate and no one is doing anything to stop those dropouts from happening. Where are the parents that prevent that? Bill Cosby is proving this point that parents need to step it up and stop spoiling their children. They need to get an education for their children because it is hard to succeed in life without having an education. I strongly agree with Bill Cosby because it is not just in black society, but also in the nation. I see a lot of students nowadays disrespectful towards adults and their parents.I see students that ditch school and act like that is nothing. It is hurting themselves as well as their family. Having an education is leading you up to be successful, it is your own life and you choose your path. You do not choose a path for your parents, but for yourself because you want to be able to buy things and have a family. This needs to be taught by parents though and standar ds need to be set and support needs to be there for the child. The black community is split in two between agreeing with Bill Cosby and disagreeing with him. I am on the side that agrees, and I support Bill Cosby all the way.

Future of Nursing Essay

Nursing career is one of the few fastest growing fields in the health care industry, not only in the United States, but also in the world. Nurse practice has drastically changed in the last decade and as a result the need for changes in nursing practice is becoming more and more important. The Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) will place many demands on health professionals and offer them many opportunities to create a system that is more patient centered. The legislation has begun the long process of shifting the focus of the U.S. health care system away from acute and specialty care. Nurses should achieve higher levels of education and training through an improved education system that promotes seamless academic progression. The education system should provide nurses with the tools needed to evaluate and improve standards of patient care, and the quality and safety of care while preserving fundamental elements of nursing education, such as ethics and integrity and holistic, compass ionate approaches to care. The system should ensure nurses’ ability to adapt and be flexible in response to changes in science, technology, and population demographics that shape the delivery of care. An improved education system is necessary to ensure that the current and future generations of nurses can deliver safe, quality, patient-centered care across all settings, especially in such areas as primary care and community and public health. Enactment of the ACA offers a myriad of opportunities for the nursing profession to facilitate improvements to the health care system and the mechanisms by which care is delivered across various settings. System-wide changes are needed that capture the full economic value of nurses and take into account the growing body of evidence that links nursing practice to improvements in the safety and quality of care. The Joint Commission, the leading independent accrediting body for health care organizations, believes that â€Å"the future state of nursing is inextricably linked to the strides in patient care quality and safety that are critical to the success of America’s health care system, today and tomorrow†. Given the crucial role of nurses with respect to the quality, accessibility, and value of care, the nursing profession itself must undergo a fundamental transformation if the committee’s vision for health care is to be realized. The committee formulated four key messages for transforming the nursing profession: Nurses should practice to the full extent of their education and training. Nurses should achieve higher levels of education and training through an improved education system that promotes seamless academic progression. Nurses should be full partners, with physicians and other health professionals, in redesigning health care in the United States. Effective workforce planning and policy making require better data collection and an improved information infrastructure. A transformed system will need nurses with the adaptive capacity to take on reconceptualized roles in new settings, educating and reeducating themselves along the way- which are indispensible characteristics of effective leadership. Whether on the front lines, in education, or in administrative positions and health policy roles, nurses have the well-grounded knowledge base, experience, and perspective needed to serve as full partners in health care redesign. Nurses’ unique perspectives are derived from their experiences in providing direct, hands-on patient care; communicating with patients and their families about health status, medications, and care plans; and ensuring the linkage between a prescribed course of treatment and the desired outcome. In care environments, being a full partner involves taking responsibility for identifying problems and areas of waste, devising and implementing a plan for improvement, tracking improvement over time, and making necessary adjustments to realize established goals. The transformation of nursing practice that results from the IOM’s Future of Nursing report recommendations will have a profound, long-term effect on the profession of nursing. Nursing informatics professionals are uniquely positioned to aide in this transformation, as the management of individual and organizational change is core to its practice. By removing the barriers in the scope of education, implementing nurse residency programs, and building an infrastructure for the collection and analysis of interprofessional healthcare workforce data. . Technology will continue to be a fundamental enabler of future care delivery models and nursing informatics leaders will be essential to transforming nursing practice through technology. The following are the HIMSS recommendations for Nursing Informatics: Partner with nurse executives to lead technology changes that advance health and the delivery of healthcare. Support the development of informatics departments. Foster the evolution of the Chief Nursing Informatics Officer role. Transform nursing education to include informatics competencies and demonstrable behaviors at all levels of academic preparation. Promote the continuing education at all levels of nursing, particularly in the areas of EHRs and health IT. ïÆ'ËœEnsure that data, information, knowledge and wisdom form the basis of 21st century nursing practice by incorporating informatics competencies into practice standards in all healthcare settings. Facilitate the collection and analysis of interprofessional healthcare workforce data by ensuring data can be collected from existing heath IT systems. The transformation of nursing practice that results from the IOM’s Future of Nursing report recommendations will have a profound, long-term effect on the profession of nursing.

The And Martin Luther King - 2263 Words

hr and Martin Luther King were seekers of justice and embraced liberal protestant outlooks early on. The similarities in their theology, while not surprising as King derived much of his material from Niebuhr, proved to be uncanny in that they both concerned themselves with how the church should operate within society, the way love should be implemented in the ethics of individuals, and social change brought forth by nonviolence. Niebuhr’s quest for justice was in result to the horrific events he witnessed in World War I and World War II. King’s, on the other hand, was in result to the economic and racial injustices he experienced. While the catalyst in each theologian’s beliefs differed, their shared views on justice, nonviolence to an extent, and God offer a resource for Christians today in understanding their place in society. Pertaining to the ideas of love and justice, Niebuhr prescribed to the belief that in order for perfect justice to arise, the moral imagination of others must seek to meet the needs of fellow individuals. Because â€Å"The love of God is an impartial goodness beyond good and evil,† true justice in Niebuhr’s mind will never be reached on earth. â€Å"The Christian gospel which transcends all particular and contemporary social situations can be preached with power only by a church which bears its share of the burdens of immediate situations in which men are involved, burdens of establishing peace, of achieving justice, and of perfecting justice in the spiritShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King1610 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Luther King The most important person to have made a significant change in the rights of Blacks was Martin Luther King. He had great courage and passion to defeat segregation and racism that existed in the United States, and it was his influence to all the Blacks to defy white supremacy and his belief in nonviolence that lead to the success of the Civil Rights movement. Martin Luther King was born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia where the city suffered most of the racial discriminationRead MoreMartin Luther King975 Words   |  4 Pagesmore than just present the speech that we all are familiar with had moral values that he stood for and was the leader of many civil right movements. This man is known as Martin Luther King. He was born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. Martin Jr.’s parents were Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr. and Alberta Williams King. King Jr.’s father and his grandfather were both ministers and Martin’s mother was a school teacher. He had a sister by the name of Christine and a brother by the name of AlfredRead MoreMartin Luther King Qualities1327 Words   |  6 Pagesmade Martin Luther King to become a great leader in civil rights movement. Martin Luther King was a social activist and Baptist minister who led the civil rights movement from the mid-1950s to 1960s. According to the website called Martin Luther King Jr.-Biography, Martin Luther king was grad uated from high school when he was fifteen. After getting his B. A. Degree from Morehouse, the B. D. from Crozer and then he got his doctor’s degree from Boston University. This shows that Martin Luther KingRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.1078 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr., was a very strong person, constantly fighting for what he believed in, which was equality for African Americans. He was not scared to stand up and tell the world what he wanted for society. He was fearless and did everything in his power to prove a point. Martin Luther King, Jr., was the strongest individual of his time, for he fought until death, which proves how much he was willing to risk his life to make the world an equal place. Growing up, he had a very interestingRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.867 Words   |  4 Pagespeople, one of them is Martin Luther King Jr. He made the world a better place for black citizens by doing non-violence movements and marched the way to freedom. Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta Georgia as Michael King Jr., but changed his name to Martin Luther King Jr. in honor of Protestant Martin Luther. Through his activism, King played a pivotal role in ending the legal discrimination of African American citizens. During his childhood, Martin Jr.’s father stronglyRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.1144 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. (January 15 1929-April 4, 1968) Brief Summary (of who MLK Jr. is): Martin Luther King Jr. was a Baptist minister and an activist who led the civil rights movement in the 1950. He was a fundamental force behind the civil rights movement that ended legal segregation. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. But he was sadly assassinated in 1968 on a second floor balcony of Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee†¦ Childhood: Martin Luther was never poor. He lived with a middleRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr1395 Words   |  6 Pages Dr. Martin Luther King Jr Martin Luther King Jr. was a revolutionary man. He spoke of non-violent ways to create a fair and equal society. He preached that all men are the same and created equal no matter the color of your skin. He was a great public speaker and reached many people in his speeches. Martin King even got to speak to thousands of people at the footsteps of the Lincoln Memorial where he spoke these words. I have a dream that my four little childrenRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr1194 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Simmons 1 Gabrielle Simmons Mrs. Fitzgerald Social Studies 8A 4/27/10 Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. is a well known and an inspiring man to all cultures of the world. King was and still is one of the most influential heroes. King s views and believes helped African Americans through the 50 s and 60 s to the rights and liberties that was their right. King faced many obstacles on his journey, things like jail and even assassination attempts. Despite these obstacles,Read MoreDr. Martin Luther King874 Words   |  4 PagesDr. Martin Luther King, Jr. writes this letter as a response to the clergymen, who criticized and impeded the nonviolent campaign led by King in Birmingham. In his long letter, Marin Luther King presents a good deal of rational reasons for why the nonviolent campaign should be done in Southern America. He also demonstrates his unmovable determination to accomplish the goal of this nonviolent campaign. Obviously, King intends to awake the clergymen and other opponents by this touching letter. FromRead MoreMartin Luther King Essay758 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther King I have chosen to write about a prominent, black Christian who is very well known to us today. Martin Luther King was born on January the 15th, 1929 when inequality and racism between blacks and whites was still a normal part of life. He grew up as the son of a Christian minister in Georgia. As the grandson of the Rev. A.D.Williams, and the son of Martin Luther King Sr, King’s roots were in the African – American Baptist Church. As a young boy